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Dagobert Sigismund, Count von Wurmser (7 May 1724 – 22 August 1797) was an Austrian field marshal during the French Revolutionary Wars. Although he fought in the Seven Years' War, the War of the Bavarian Succession, and mounted several successful campaigns in the Rhineland in the initial years of the French Revolutionary Wars, he is probably most remembered for his unsuccessful operations against Napoleon Bonaparte during the 1796 campaign in Italy. Although initially in the Army of France during the Seven Years' War, Wurmser left France after Louis reached a peace agreement with Britain, and joined the military of the House of Habsburg. He later took part in the short-lived War of the Bavarian Succession, also called the so-called ''Kartoffelkrieg'' (Potato War). During the French Revolutionary Wars, Wurmser commanded several imperial Habsburg armies on in the Rhine River valley between 1793 and 1795, and perhaps his most conspicuous achievement was the taking of the lines of Lauterburg and Weissenburg in October 1793. In 1796, Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor sent him to northern Italy, where the Habsburg military defended Austria's southern territories. In a series of well-fought battles with the French army, under the command of the up-and-coming general Napoleon Bonaparte, Wurmser was trapped with his army in Mantua; after a negotiated capitulation, Wurmser left the city with his honors and 700 men, and marched back to Vienna. His defeat at Mantua did not diminish the luster of his service in imperial eyes—he was granted another appointment immediately—but he was an old man of 72 years who had spent most of his adult life in arduous campaigning. His health failed him shortly after his appointment and he died in 1797. == Family and early career == Born in Strasbourg, in the French province of Alsace, he was the son of Frantz Jacob Wurmser von Vendenheim. He was christened in the Protestant church of Saint Nicolas and first served in the French Army during the early campaigns of the Silesian Wars as a cavalry officer under the command of Marshal Charles, Prince of Soubise.〔 Constant Wurzbach. ''Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Österreich.'' Vienna, 1856–91, vol 59, p. 1-5.〕 In 1747, he was promoted to Captain of Cavalry.〔Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. ''The Penny cyclopædia''. London : C. Knight, 1833–1843. p. 594.〕 He married on 25January 1761 in Vendenheim (Département du Bas-Rhin) Sophia Henrietta Rosina Juliana von und zu der Thann. She died aged 39 in Trautenau (Bohemia) on 27June 1772 as a consequence of childbirth, and was buried in Michelsdorf (Schlesien).〔Protestant Church Book of Sundhouse, and that of Vendenheim〕 In 1750, when his father left Alsace and became a Habsburg subject, Wurmser too left French service and joined the House of Habsburg military. He brought with him the legions he commanded from France.〔 As part of the imperial Austrian army, he participated in the last years of the continental war, sometimes called the "Little War" because it did not involve three of the five great powers of Europe. In these engagements against the Prussians, he showed exceptional command capabilities and a wily and courageous attitude.〔 On 30January 1761, Emperor Francis I raised him to comital status of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. Two years later, Archduke Charles of Lothringen, the Statthalter of Netherlands, known as an audacious partisan collected his volunteers—a regiment each of Infantry and Hussars, with an artillery company—and joined Austrian service.〔Oscar Criste. (Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser ). ''Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie.'' Herausgegeben von der Historischen Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Band 44 (1898), S. 338–340, Digitale Volltext-Ausgabe in Wikisource. (Version vom 24. März 2010, 13:18 Uhr UTC).〕〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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